SuperoxideDismutases(SODs),originallyidentifiedasIndophenoloxidases(IPOs),areenzymesthatcatalyzetheconversionofnaturally-occuringbutharmfulsuperoxiderADIcalsintomolecularoxygenandhydrogenperoxide.SuperoxideDismutases2,SOD2,alsoknownasManganese(Mn)SOD,mitochondrialSODandIPO-B,isanintramitochondrial22kDahomotetramer.EachSOD2monomerbindsoneMn2+ion.ThreeisozymesofSODhavebeenidentifiedandarefunctionallyrelatedbuthaveverymodestsequencehomology.SOD2sharesonly23and17%sequenceidentitywithSOD1andSOD3,respectively.
Image:WesternblotdetectionofSOD2.RecombinanthumanSOD1,SOD2,andSOD3(1ng)andlysatesfromhumanMCF-7,mouseNIH-3T3andratL6cellswereresolvedbySDS-PAGE,transferredtoImmobilon-Pmembraneandimmunoblottedwith0.5μg/mLmouseanti-SOD2asdescribedinProtocolonDatasheet.A10secondexposuretofilmisshown.
SOD2is,however,wellconservedfromspeciestospeciesandshares90%and87%homologywithmouseandratSOD2.Oxidativestresshasbeenimplicatedinmanydiseasesandthechiefsourceofreactiveoxygenspecieswithinthecellisthemitochondrion.SOD2isafreeradicalscavengingenzymethatprotectsagainstdamagefromsuperoxideproducedasabyproductofoxidativephosphorylation.SOD2isrequiredfornormalBIOLOGicfunctionoftissuesbymaintainingtheintegrityofmitochondrialenzymessusceptIBLetoinactivationbysuperoxide.Mutationsinthisgenehavebeenassociatedwithidiopathiccardiomyopathy(IDC),prematureaging,sporadicmotorneurondisease,andcancer.
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