Smad3 (alsoknownasMothersagainstdecapentaplegichomolog3MothersagainstDPPhomolog3,Mad3,hMAD-3,JV15-2orhSMAD3)isa50kDamemberofafamilyofproteinsthatactaskeymediatorsofTGFbetasuperfamilysignalingincellproliferation,differentiationanddevelopment.TheSmadfamilyisdividedintothreesubclasses:receptorregulatedSmads,activin/TGFbetareceptorregulated(Smad2and3)orBMPreceptorregulated(Smad1,5,and8);thecommonpartner,(Smad4)thatfunctionsviaitsinteractiontothevariousSmads;andtheinhibitorySmads,(Smad6and7).ActivatedSmad3oligomerizeswithSmad4uponTGFbetastimulationandtranslocatesasacomplexintothenucleus,allowingitsbindingtoDNAandtranscriptionfactors.PhosphorylationofthetwoTGFbetadependentserines423and425intheCterminusofSmad3iscriticalforSmad3transcriptionalactivityandTGFbetasignaling.
Image:Paraffin-embeddedtissuesectionsofhuman skinstainedwithanti-Smad3.
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