Thep38Mitogen-activatedProteinKinases(MAPKs)areafamilyoffourrelatedSer/Thrkinasesactivatedbyproinflammatorycytokinesandenvironmentalstresses.
Themostfrequentlyanalyzedfamilymember,p38alpha,alsoknownasSAPK2aandMAPK14,wasinitiallypurifiedasakinasecriticaltothesignalingcascadelinkingIL-1toMAPKAPK-2andthesmallheatshockproteinHSP27.Ubiquitouslyexpressed,p38alphaisduallyphosphorylatedbyMKK3andMKK6atThr180andTyr182.Onceactivated,p38alphaphosphorylatesanumberoftargets,includingthecytoplasmickinasesMNK4andPRAK5andthenucleartranscriptionfactorsATF21andSTAT1.Severalpromisingcompoundsthatinhibitp38alphaarebeinginvestigatedaspotentialtherapiesforarthriticandinflammatorydiseases.
Image:OrexinBandp38alpha weredetectedinfrozensectionsofmousebrainstemusingmouseanti-humanOrexinBmonoclonalantibody(red)andrabbitanti-human/mouse/ratp38alphaaffinity-purifiedpolyclonalantibody(green).
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