MIP-1alpha(macrophageinflammatoryprotein1alpha)isamemberoftheCCorbetachemokinesubfamilythatwasoriginallypurifiedfromtheconditionedmediaofanLPS-stimulatedmurinemacrophagecellline.MIP-1alphaactsasachemoattractanttoavarietyofcellsincludingmonocytes,Tcells,Bcellsandeosinophils.ThetwohumanMIP-1alphagenesarisebyduplication/mutation.TheycodeforMIP-1alphaisoformsCCL3/LD78aandCCL3L1/LD78b,whichshare94%aminoacidsequencehomology.WhereasthehumanCCL3/LD78aisasingle-copygene,thehumanCCL3L1/LD78bgenecopynumbervarieswithinthepopulation.HumanCCL3L1/LD78bbindsandsignalsthroughchemokinereceptorsCCR1,CCR5.WhencomparedtoCCL3/LD78a,CCL3L1/LD78bhashigherbindingaffinitytoCCR5,whichalsofunctionsasacoreceptorforHIV-1entry.ThecopynumberofCCL3L1isoneofseveralgeneticdeterminantsofHIV-1susceptibility.
Image:Paraffin-embeddedtissuesectionsofhumanhippocampus(Alzheimer"s).MIP-1alphaimmunoreactivityisshowninredandHaematoxylincounterstaininblue.
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