AngiotensinIConvertingEnzyme(ACE,alsoknownaspeptidyl-dipeptidaseA,kininaseII,orCD143)isatypeItransmembranezincmetallopeptidasethatisimportantinthemetabolismofthevaso-activepeptidesangiotensinIIandbradykinin(1,2).TwoisoformsofACEthatexhibitdistinctphysiologicfunctionshavebeendescribed:germinallyexpressedACE(gACE)andsomaticcellexpressedACE(sACE)(2,3).Bothisoformsaretranscribedfromasinglegeneusingalternativepromoters(2,3).ThegACEisoformisexclusivelyexpressedinthetestes,whereassACEisexpressedonendothelialcells,epithelialcells,neuronalcells,anddendriticcells(4,5).AsolubleformofCD143islikelyshedfromendothelialcellsandisfoundinserum,plasma,seminalfluid,amnioticfluidandcerebralspinalfluid(1).Functionally,CD143hasaroleinbloodpressureregulation,electrolytebalance,reproduction,cardiovasculardisease,kidneydisease,cancerandAlzheimer’sdisease(6-10).InhibitorsofACEareusedclinicallytotreathypertension,cardiacfailure,anddiabeticretinopathy(6,11).
Figure:Humandendriticcells,generatedbyculturingmonocytesinthepresenceofIL-4(20ng/mL)andGM-CSF(50ng/mL)for5days,werestainedwithanti-humanACE/CD143-PE(filledhistogram)orisotypecontrol(openhistogram).
References
1.Corvol,P.andT.A.Williams(1998)inHandbookofProteolyticEnzymes,Barrett,A.J.etal.eds.,AcademicPress,SanDiego,pp.1066-1076. 2.Soubrier,F.etal.(1988)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA85:9386. 3.Hubert,C.etal.(1991)J.Biol.Chem.266:15377. 4.Balyasnikova,I.V.etal.(2003)TissueAntigens61:49. 5.Danilov,S.M.etal.(2003)Exp.Hematol.31:1301. 6.Eriksson,U.etal.(2002)Curr.Biol.12:R745. 7.Metzger,R.etal.(1999)KidneyInt.56:1442. 8.Metzger,R.etal.(2000)Atherosclerosis150:21. 9.Bauvois,B.(2004)Oncogene23:317. 10.Hu,J.etal.(2001)J.Biol.Chem.276:47863.11.Turner,A.J.andN.M.Hooper(2002)TrendsPharmacol.
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