TarDNABindingProtein,TDP43orTARDBPwasoriginallyidentifiedasatranscriptionalrepressorthatbindstochromosomallyintegratedTARDNAandrepressesHIV-1transcription.ItwasalsoreportedtoregulatealternatesplicingoftheCFTRgeneandtheapoA-IIgene.
Image:TDP43stainingofformalinfixedadultratbrain,specificallythehippocampus.Hippocampalneuronnucleiarestainedstrongly.ChickenantibodytoGFAP(green)showstheprocessesofastrocyticglialcells.NucleiofallcellsarerevealedwithDAPIDNAstain(blue).TheTARDPantibodystainsneuronalnucleistronglyandthenucleiofsomenon-neuronalcellsmuchmoreweakly.Neuronalnucleithereforelookcrimson,sincetheyarebothredduetothecontentofTDP43andblueduetotheircontentofDNA,stainedbluewithDAPI.Protocolondata-sheet.
Lateritwasdiscoveredthathyper-phosphorylated,ubiquitinatedandcleavedformofTARDBP,knownaspathologicTDP43,isthemajordiseaseproteininubiquitin-positive,tau-,andalpha-synuclein-negativefrontotemporaldementia(FTLD-U)andinAmyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS).ElevatedlevelsoftheTDP-43proteinhavealsobeenidentifiedinindividualsdiagnosedwithchronictraumaticencephalopathy,aconditionthatoftenmimicsALSandthathasbeenassociatedwithathleteswhohaveexperiencedmultipleconcussionsandothertypesofheadinjury.
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